Mumbai's seroprevalence studies point to structural issues in urban planning and housing in the city, and a need for slum upgradation and land management reforms. 

Patrick Lamson-Hall and Harshita Agarwal point out how cities need to be made liveable for India’s migrant and informal workers. Improvements across sanitation and sewage systems, quality of housing and jobs support are needed.

 Improving planning frameworks in India will enable urban areas to be more habitable and economically viable for labour and businesses, and drive economic growth.