Over the course of UPA-II and Narendra Modi’s first government, Aadhaar was mandated to link with a range of government services, and such a move attracted significant opposition.2 Multiple court cases, government committees and public debates, sin...

Automated Decision Systems (ADS) have proliferated in recent years, in India as elsewhere, enabled by a rise in big data. They are increasingly crucial components of consumer-market and citizen-state interaction. Thinking through effective, holistic ...