This case study is a supplement to the 2019 IDFC Institute report titled Infrastructure Priorities for Job Creation in India, which focused on the type of physical infrastructure needed in a given economic geography to boost job creation. This case study is meant to be an overview of the considerations taken into account by government officials while determining where to supply water and estimating costs for infrastructure provision and maintenance. It uses empirical analysis for descriptive purposes rather than for explaining or determining causation. Our study finds that the mandate of existing departments is to cater to household demand for water supply and ensure adequate provision of drinking water. In addition to the need to implement schemes created for improving service delivery of water supply to households, political and equity considerations drive water provision priorities.