In this article for Mint, Vivek Dehejia discusses how accumulated inequalities of outcomes become embedded in inequalities of opportunity and access.

"......So, a Sidwell- and Harvard-educated patrician whose family sailed on the Mayflower in 1620 (such people do exist—one went to school with a cousin of mine and is a famous economics professor) automatically starts out at an advantage compared to someone with public school and college credentials from the blighted inner cities.

.......Crucially, this advantage is not reflective purely of differences in effort or natural endowment, but of inequality occluded over centuries. The game is simply not played on a level playing field to start with, and so we cannot blithely assert that differences in outcomes are ethically irrelevant and can safely be ignored."